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But more than this, Lord Baltimore generously invited people who had been driven out of the other
settlements on account of their religion to come and live in Maryland. He gave a hearty welcome to all,
whether they thought as he did or not. Thus he showed that he was a noble man by nature as well as a
nobleman by name.
80. Maryland falls into trouble; the city of Baltimore built.--But this happy state of things did not last long.
Some of the people of Virginia were very angry because the king had given Lord Baltimore part of what they
thought was their land. They quarrelled with the new settlers and made them a great deal of trouble.
Then worse things happened. Men went to Maryland and undertook to drive out the Catholics. In some cases
they acted in a very shameful manner toward Lord Baltimore and his friends; among other things, they put
Father White in irons and sent him back to England as a prisoner. Lord Baltimore had spent a great deal of
money in building up the settlement, but his right to the land was taken away from him for a time, and all who
dared to defend him were badly treated.
St. Mary's never grew to be much of a place, but not quite a hundred years after the English landed there a
new and beautiful city was begun (1729) in Maryland. It was named Baltimore, in honor of that Lord
Baltimore who sent out the first emigrants. When the Revolutionary War broke out, the citizens of Baltimore
showed that they were not a bit behind the other colonies of America in their spirit of independence.
81. Summary.--King Charles the First of England gave Lord Baltimore, an English Catholic, a part of
Virginia and named it Maryland, in honor of his wife, Queen Mary. A company of emigrants came out to
Maryland in 1634. It was the first settlement in America in which all Christian people had entire liberty to
worship God in whatever way they thought right. That liberty they owed to Lord Baltimore.
Who was Lord Baltimore, and what did he try to do in Newfoundland? How were Catholics then treated in
England? What did the king of England give Lord Baltimore in America? What did the king name the
country? What was Lord Baltimore to pay for Maryland? What did the king promise Lord Baltimore? What
did Lord Baltimore's son do? When and where did the emigrants land? What did they call the place? What is
said about the Indians? Of what was Maryland the home? Why did some of the people of Virginia trouble
them? What is said of the city of Baltimore? What is said of the Revolution?
ROGER WILLIAMS (1600-1684).
82. Roger Williams comes to Boston; he preaches in Salem and in Plymouth; his friendship for the
Indians.--Shortly after Governor John Winthrop and his company settled Boston,[1] a young minister named
Roger Williams came over from England to join them.
[Illustration: THE CHURCH IN WHICH ROGER WILLIAMS PREACHED IN SALEM. IT IS STILL
The Beginner's American History 27
STANDING.]
Mr. Williams soon became a great friend to the Indians and while he preached at Salem,[2] near Boston, and
at Plymouth, he came to know many of them. He took pains to learn their language, and he spent a great deal
of time talking with the chief Massasoit[3] and his men, in their dirty, smoky wigwams. He made the savages
feel that, as he said, his whole heart's desire was to do them good. For this reason they were always glad to see
him and ready to help him. A time came, as we shall presently see, when they were able to do quite as much
for him as he could for them.
[Footnote 1: See paragraph 73.]
[Footnote 2: Salem (Sa'lem).]
[Footnote 3: See paragraph 68.]
83. Who owned the greater part of America? what the king of England thought; what Roger Williams thought
and said.--The company that had settled Boston held the land by permission of the king of England. He
considered that most of the land in America belonged to him, because John Cabot[4] had discovered it.
But Roger Williams said that the king had no right to the land unless he bought it of the Indians, who were
living here when the English came.
Now the people of Massachusetts were always quite willing to pay the Indians a fair price for whatever land
they wanted; but many of them were afraid to have Mr. Williams preach and write as he did. They believed
that if they allowed him to go on speaking out so boldly against the king that the English monarch would get
so angry that he would take away Massachusetts from them and give it to a new company. In that case, those
who had settled here would lose everything. For this reason the people of Boston tried to make the young
minister agree to keep silent on this subject.
[Footnote 4: See paragraph 22.]
84. A constable is sent to arrest Roger Williams; he escapes to the woods, and goes to Mount Hope.--But Mr.
Williams was not one of the kind to keep silent. Then the chief men of Boston sent a constable down to Salem
with orders to seize him and send him back to England. When he heard that the constable was after him, Mr.
Williams slipped quietly out of his house and escaped to the woods.
There was a heavy depth of snow on the ground, but the young man made up his mind that he would go to his
old friend Massasoit, and ask him to help him in his trouble.
[Illustration: Map showing Roger Williams's route from Salem to Mount Hope.]
Massasoit lived near Mount Hope, in what is now Rhode Island, about eighty miles southwest from Salem.
There were no roads through the woods, and it was a long, dreary journey to make on foot, but Mr. Williams
did not hesitate. He took a hatchet to chop fire-wood, a flint and steel to strike fire with,--for in those days
people had no matches,--and, last of all, a pocket-compass to aid him in finding his way through the thick
forest.
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